The process by which sugar molecules are covalently attached to proteins, lipids, or other organic molecules, influencing their function and stability.

A variant of the citric acid cycle found in plants and some microorganisms, important for the synthesis of glucose from fats.

An organelle in plant cells that contains enzymes involved in converting stored lipids into carbohydrates during germination.

A broad-spectrum herbicide used to kill weeds by inhibiting the production of essential amino acids in plants.

Abbreviation for guanosine monophosphate, a nucleotide involved in cellular signaling and metabolism.

An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, often caused by iodine deficiency or thyroid disorders.

A DNA sequence found in the promoter region of genes, involved in the initiation of transcription.

Abbreviation for glucosamine, a compound often used in the treatment of joint disorders.

Supportive cells in the nervous system that provide structural and metabolic support to neurons.

A type of protein found in wheat and other grains, which can trigger an immune response in individuals with celiac disease.