A small, tubular appendage attached to the large intestine in humans and some other mammals, often considered a vestigial organ.

A biological process where cold temperatures are required to trigger flowering or germination in some plant species.

The individual bones that make up the vertebral column, providing support and protection for the spinal cord.

The bony segments that compose the vertebral column (spine), protecting the spinal cord and supporting the body.

The cavity within the vertebral column that houses and protects the spinal cord.

The intervertebral discs located between the vertebrae, acting as cushions to absorb shock and allow movement in the spine.

An animal with a backbone or spinal column, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Animals that have a vertebral column or spine, including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

Relating to vesicles or small cavities, particularly in the context of cellular structures or tissue.

A conduit in animals (like blood vessels) or plants (like xylem and phloem) that carries fluids.