The light intensity at which the rate of photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration, resulting in no net gas exchange.

The phase of photosynthesis where light energy is captured and transformed into chemical energy.

The process by which plant cell walls become rigid and woody due to deposition of lignin.

A complex organic polymer that strengthens and waterproofs plant cell walls, especially in wood and bark.

A soft, brownish-black coal formed from naturally compressed peat, intermediate between peat and bituminous coal.

Strap-shaped; often referring to the ray florets in composite flowers (e.g., daisies).

A thin outgrowth at the junction of leaf blade and sheath in grasses, or a strap-shaped corolla in some flowers.

A pattern of megagametophyte development in plants where the embryo sac forms from a single megaspore (monosporic development).

The transparent, ribbon-like larval stage of eels and some other fish.

A genus of spirochete bacteria, some species of which cause leptospirosis.