To undergo metabolism, in which a substance is chemically altered by the body, usually for energy production or excretion.

One of the five bones in the middle part of the human hand, located between the wrist and the fingers.

A chromosome with its centromere located near the middle, resulting in arms of approximately equal length.

The repetition of body segments in certain animals, leading to a segmented body plan, commonly seen in annelids and arthropods.

The process of transformation from one life stage to another, often involving significant changes in form, such as in insects or amphibians.

A type of excretory structure found in some invertebrates, such as annelids, involved in the filtration of waste products.

The stage in mitosis and meiosis when chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane before being separated into daughter cells.

The stage in meiosis I when homologous chromosomes align at the cell’s equator in preparation for separation.

The stage in meiosis II when sister chromatids align at the equatorial plane in preparation for separation into daughter cells.

The imaginary plane at the center of the cell where chromosomes align during metaphase in mitosis and meiosis.