A technique used to introduce foreign substances or genes directly into cells using a fine needle.

An instrument used to measure small distances with high precision, often used in laboratory settings.

A small, extranuclear structure that forms during cell division, containing a copy of a chromosome or fragments of chromosomes.

Small plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size, often resulting from the breakdown of larger plastic debris.

A small opening in the ovule of a seed plant through which the pollen tube enters during fertilization.

An instrument used to magnify small objects, allowing them to be observed in detail.

Referring to objects or organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye, requiring a microscope for observation.

A small vesicle derived from cell membranes, often used in biochemical research to study enzyme activity.

A small spherical particle, often used in experiments or as part of a molecular assembly.

A structure in plants that produces microspores, which develop into male gametophytes (pollen grains).