To break down organic matter into simpler compounds through microbial action.

More than once compound; divided into leaflets that are themselves compound.

To remove the bark or outer covering from a stem or root.

Lying flat on the ground but with tips ascending.

Extending downward along the stem (as with leaf bases that continue as ridges).

Curved or bent downward.

Arranged in opposite pairs with each pair at right angles to the ones above and below (common in leaf arrangement).

The downward movement of water through soil beyond the root zone.

Soil with significant depth to bedrock or other restrictive layers, allowing extensive root growth.

Having indentations that extend more than halfway to the midrib (describing leaves).