Carrying toward a center; primarily used in animal physiology, not botany.

The placenta and fetal membranes expelled after childbirth; not a botanical term.

A gelatinous substance derived from red algae, used as a culture medium for growing plants and microorganisms.

The proportion of individuals in different age groups in a population; relevant in plant ecology.

Capable of clumping; not commonly used in plant biology.

Genes that contribute to the phenotype in a cumulative way; used in quantitative plant trait studies.

The total effect of individual genes on a trait, important in plant breeding and heritability studies.

Bringing inward or toward a center; not commonly used in botany.

Movement toward the body midline; relevant in animal anatomy, not plants.

A purine base found in DNA and RNA, crucial to genetic material in plants and other organisms.